ABSTRACT
Plant-based traditional medicine system continues to play a vital role in the healthcare system with about 80% of the world’s inhabitants relying mainly on traditional medicines for their primary health care. Modern knowledge on medicinal plant research till contains at least 25% drugs and many others, which are synthetic analogues, built on prototype compounds isolated from medicinal plants. The ongoing growing recognition of medicinal plants is due to escalating faith in herbal medicine. There are many contradictory theories on the subject of herbal Medicines and their relationship regarding with human physiology and mental function. There is a need to develop evaluative data by using sophisticated modern techniques of standardization of Ayurvedic formulations to tackle the issues of negative criticism of Ayurvedic formulations and increased toxicity reports. These kinds of phytochemical investigation both qualitatively and quantitatively will help in understanding the phytochemical composition and safety of herbal formulation. Croton bonplandianum Baill is often called Ban Tulsi (Jungle tulsi). The parts of plant are widely used in traditional system of medicine such as hepatoprotective, swelling of the body, cure against ring worms and skin disease, antihypertensive, antioxidant, wound healing, antifungal, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, anticancer, acute constipation, abdominal dropsy, internal abscesses, antifertility, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antidote, analgesic, repellent property against insects, nematicide, anticoronary, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal activity, antihelmentic, this is also used for treatment of cholera, boils, bowel complaints, chicken pox, diarrhoea, dysentry, eye diseases, cold and coughs, epilepsy, gastric disorders, insanity, jaundice, liver complaints, scurvy, sprains, malaria, rheumatism, and so on. Due to its slow rate of conventional multiplication, the plant is very high in demand. In this review report we collected information related to taxonomy, monographs, distribution, morphology, phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological studies of Croton bonplandianum Baill plant in details.
ABSTRACT
Mushrooms are recognized as nutritionally functional food and a source of physiologically beneficial and nontoxic medicines. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is an efficient lignin degrading mushroom and can grow well on different types of lignocellulosic materials including agricultural and forest waste. Cultivation technique for oyster mushroom is very simple and the production cost is low, which gives consistent growth with high biological efficiency. Plant derivatives have shown considerable promise as an effective alternative of chemicals used in surface sterilization. To develop a suitable method for substrates treatment, six different plants extract were evaluated along with most popular chemical treatment (bavistin 75 ppm + formalin 500 ppm) for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida). Chemical treatment (bavistin 75 ppm + formalin 500 ppm) was found to be most effective among all the treatments and exhibited 120.50% Biological Efficiency (B.E.). Among the phyto-extracts, Zingiber officinale was found to be excellent in controlling the growth of competitor mould fungi (114% B.E.) followed by Azadirachta indica (109.25%) and Allium cepa (98.75%). Chemically treated substrate was taken minimum (20 days) for spawn run and gave 7.10 gm average weight of sporophore followed by Zingiber officinale (22 days and 6.740 gm). In vitro study revealed the superiority of chemicals and reduced 61.80 to 70.67% mycelium growth of four contaminants. Extract of Zingiber officinale was found excellent in inhibiting the mycelium growth of Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger and Coprinus sp. but, reported to be less effective against Sclerotium rolfsii. While, Azadirachta indica seed oil was found very effective against the mycelium growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, Penicillium sp, and Coprinus sp. Extract of Allium cepa, Lantana camera, Eucalyptus hybrida and Allium sativum showed moderate effects on the mycelium growth of competitor moulds.
ABSTRACT
Alternaria leaf blight caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicola, is one of the most destructive diseases of mustard (Brassica campestris, B. juncea and B.napus) in West Bengal, causing considerable damages to the crop. The experiment was conducted under in vitro and in vivo conditions to see the effect of bio-agents, plant extracts and chemicals (fungicide and SAR compound) against Alternaria brassicae. Maximum inhibition in mycelial growth (95.56%) was observed with Mancozeb 75% Wp followed by Lantana camera (80%), Salicylic acid (73.33%), Allium sativum (54.44%) and Zingiber officinale (17.78%) in comparison to control. Foliar spray with fungicide (Mancozeb 75% WP @ 0.2%) was found to be most effective in reducing disease severity (81,23%) and infection rate which increased the yield (77.23%) of mustard over untreated control. Among the plant extracts, Lantana camera was found to be excellent in controlling the Alternaria blight infection in the field (71.92% reduction in disease severity and 68.18% increase in yield) in comparison to salicylic acid (SAR compound) and bio-agent (Trichoderma viride) 48.33% and 36.27% reduction in disease severity respectively.